openSUSE 官方软件包单独下载网址
https://software.opensuse.org
openSUSE 官方软件包单独下载网址
https://software.opensuse.org
# yum help
# yum help <option>
或者:
# yum <option> help
# yum install <software>
# yum -y install <software>
或者:
# yum install <software> -y
# yum remove <software>
# yum -y remove <software>
或者:
# yum remove <software> -y
# yum update <software>
# yum -y update <software>
或者:
# yum update <software> -y
# yum update
# yum -y update
或者:
# yum update -y
# yum update --exclude=<software>
# yum -y update --exclude=<software>
或者:
# yum update --exclude=<software> -y
# yum check-update
# yum list all | grep <software>
# yum info | grep <software>
# yum list all
# yum groupinstall <group>
# yum -y groupinstall <group>
或者:
# yum groupinstall <group> -y
# yum groupremove <group>
# yum -y groupremove <group>
或者:
# yum groupremove <group> -y
# yum group list
# yum update --advisory=<errata>
# yum -y update --advisory=<errata>
或者:
# yum update --advisory=<errata> -y
# yum updateinfo <errata>
# yum update-minimal --security
# yum -y update-minimal --security
或者:
# yum update-minimal --security -y
# yum updateinfo list
# yum updateinfo info security
# yum update --cve <CVE>
# yum -y update --cve <CVE>
或者:
# yum update --cve <CVE> -y
# yum updateinfo list cves
# yum updateinfo info security
# yum update <security patch>
# yum -y update <security patch>
或者:
# yum update <security patch> -y
# yum update --security
# yum -y update --security
或者:
# yum update --security -y
# yum check-update --security
# yum repolist
# yum repolist
# yum clean all
# yum makecache
# yum module list
# yum module reset <module>
# yum module enable <module>:<versione>
# yum distro-sync
(注意:需要确保这条命令执行有以后没有报错)
# yum module list | grep podman
container-tools rhel8 [d] common [d] Most recent (rolling) versions of podman, buildah, skopeo, runc, conmon, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and updated as frequently as every 12 weeks.
container-tools 1.0 common [d] Stable versions of podman 1.0, buildah 1.5, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported for 24 months.
container-tools 2.0 common [d] Stable versions of podman 1.6, buildah 1.11, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported as documented on the Application Stream lifecycle page.
container-tools 3.0 common [d] Stable versions of podman 3.0, buildah 1.19, skopeo 1.2, runc, conmon, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported as documented on the Application Stream lifecycle page.
container-tools 4.0 common [d] Stable versions of podman 4.0, buildah 1.24, skopeo 1.6, runc, conmon, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported as documented on the Application Stream lifecycle page.
(补充:这里以显示所有和 podman 软件相关的软件模块为例)
# yum module reset container-tools
(补充:这里以重置 container-tools 软件模块为例)
# yum module enable container-tools:3.0
(补充:这里以设置 container-tools 软件模块版本号为 3.0 为例)
# yum list all | egrep ^podman\.x
podman.x86_64 3.0.1-9.module+el8.6.0+14874+64436299 rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
(补充:可以看到此时 podman 软件的可用版本是 3.0.1-9)
# yum module reset container-tools
(补充:这里以重置 container-tools 软件模块为例)
# yum list all | egrep ^podman\.x
podman.x86_64 2:4.0.2-6.module+el8.6.0+14877+f643d2d6 rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
(补充:可以看到此时 podman 软件的可用版本是 2:4.0.2-6)
# yum history
# yum history info
# vim /etc/sudoers
或者:
# visudo
添加以下内容:
……
zhumingyu ALL=(ALL) /usr/bin/mysql
(补充:这里以给用户 zhumingyu 添加 /usr/bin/mysql 命令为例)
# vim /etc/sudoers
在
......
env_reset
......
这一行下面添加:
......
Defaults env_keep += "http_proxy https_proxy"
......
(补充:这里以允许用户在进行 sudo 提权的同时也能使用 http_proxy、https_proxy 为例)
# iftop
(补充:此时会不停地显示系统联通状态,按下 “q” 键后退出)
# iftop
interface: eth0
IP address is: 10.10.10.129
IPv6 address is: fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:5940:b748:da58:4f3
MAC address is: 00:1c:42:c9:3c:81
# value=
# newvalue=${value:-eternalcenter}
# echo $newvalue
eternalcenter
# value=mingyuzhu
# newvalue=${value:-eternalcenter}
# echo $newvalue
mingyuzhu
或者:
# value=
# newvalue=${value:=eternalcenter}
# echo $newvalue
eternalcenter
# value=mingyuzhu
# newvalue=${value:=eternalcenter}
# echo $newvalue
mingyuzhu
(补充:这里以当变量 value 存在且为空时则变量 newvalue 的值为 eternalcenter 为例)
# value=
# newvalue=${value:+eternalcenter}
# echo $newvalue
# value=mingyuzhu
# newvalue=${value:+eternalcenter}
# echo $newvalue
eternalcenter
(补充:这里以当变量 value 存在且不为空时则变量 newvalue 的值为 eternalcenter 为例)
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str::2}
et
或者:
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:0:2}
et
或者:
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:offset:2}
et
(补充:这里以截取字符串中从左数第 2 个字符和左边的所有内容为例)
# str=eternalcenter.com
echo ${str::0-2}
eternalcenter.c
(补充:这里以截取字符串中从右数第 2 个字符开始左边的所有内容为例)
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:0-2}
om
(补充: 截取字符串中从除右数第 2 个字符开始到右边的所有内容)
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:5:4}
alce
(补充:这里以截取字符串中从左数第 5 个字符开始 4 个字符的内容为例)
(注意:在此情况下是从第 0 字符开始数第 1 个字符的,而不是从第 1 个字符开始数第 1 个字符)
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:0-5:4}
r.co
(补充:这里以截取字符串中从右数第 5 个字符开始右边 4 个字符的内容为例)
(注意:在此情况下是从第 0 字符开始数第 1 个字符的,而不是从第 1 个字符开始数第 1 个字符)
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:1:-4}
ternalcenter
(补充:这里以截取字符串中从左数第 1 个字符到右数第 4 个字符中的所有内容为例)
(注意:在此情况下是从第 0 字符开始数第 1 个字符的,而不是从第 1 个字符开始数第 1 个字符)
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:0-5:0-1}
r.co
或者:
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:0-5:-1}
r.co
(补充:这里以截取字符串中从右数第 1 个字符到从右数第 4 个字符中的所有内容为例)
(注意:在此情况下是从第 0 字符开始数第 1 个字符的,而不是从第 1 个字符开始数第 1 个字符)
# str=eternalcenter.com
# echo ${str:2}
ernalcenter.com
(补充:截取字符串中从除左数第 2 个字符开始到右边的所有内容)
# value=ming:yu:zhu
# newvalue=${value%:*}
# echo $newvalue
ming:yu
(补充:这里以截取变量 value 右数第 1 个冒号 “:” 左边的所有值并赋予给变量 newvalue 为例)
# value=ming:yu:zhu
# newvalue=${value%%:*}
# echo $newvalue
ming
(补充:这里以截取变量 value 右数最后 1 个冒号 “:” 左边的所有并赋予给变量 newvalue 内容为例)
# value=mingyuzhu
# novalue=zhu
# newvalue=${value%%$novalue}
# echo $newvalue
mingyu
(补充:这里以截取变量 value 右数最后 1 个 zhu 左边的所有内容并赋予给变量 newvalue 为例)
# value=ming:yu:zhu
# newvalue=${value#*:}
# echo $newvalue
yu:zhu
(补充:这里以截取变量 value 左数第 1 个冒号 “:” 右边的所有内容并赋予给变量 newvalue 为例)
# value=ming:yu:zhu
# newvalue=${value##*:}
# echo $newvalue
zhu
(补充:这里以截取变量 value 左数最后 1 个冒号 “:” 右边的所有内容并赋予给变量 newvalue 为例)
# value=mingyuzhu
# novalue=ming
# newvalue=${value##$novalue}
# echo $newvalue
yuzhu
(补充:这里以截取变量 value 左数最后 1 个 ming 右边的所有内容并赋予给变量 newvalue 为例)
# value=mingyuzhu
# noneedvalue=yu
# needvalue=zhu
# newvalue=${value/$noneedvalue/$needvalue}
# echo $newvalue
mingzhuzhu
(补充:这里以将变量 value 中的 yu 替换成 zhu 并赋予给变量 newvalue 为例)