Category: Website Service (网站服务)

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[工具] Shell 自动化部署 LNMP + SSL 平台 （Fedora 35 版）

介绍

基本信息

作者：朱明宇
名称：自动化部署 LNMP + SSL 平台
作用：自动化安装 LNMP + SSL，即通过 Linux、Nginx、MariaDB、PHP、php-fpm、SSL，实现 HTTPS

使用方法

1. 将网站的网页数据备份、网站的 SSL 公钥、网站的 SSL 私钥、网站的数据库备份和本脚本，5 个文件放在同一目录下
2. 如果没有网站的数据库备份则将网页数据备份、网站的 SSL 公钥、网站的 SSL 私钥和本脚本，4 个文件放在同一目录下
3. 在此脚本的分割线内写入相应的内容
4. 服务器都要开启 SELinux
5. 给此脚本添加执行权限
6. 执行此脚本：./<此脚本>

脚本分割线里的变量

1. webdomain=”eternalcenter.com” #网站的域名，注意不要在前面加任何前缀
2. webtar=”eternalcenter-backup-*.tar.gz”网站的网页数据备份，如果没有这个备份，可以下载一个开源的 WordPress 网页程序
3. webcrt=”eternalcenter.com.crt” #网站 SSL 的公钥，可以自己创建也可以在 FreeSSL 上申请
4. webkey=”eternalcenter.com.key” #网站 SSL 的私钥，可以自己创建也可以在 FreeSSL 上申请
5. sqlbackup=”eternalcenter-backup-*.sql” #网站数据库数据备份，如果没有这个备份（数据库是全量备份），则这里可以为空
6. db=”ec” #网站在数据库中库
7. dbuser=”ec” #网站在数据库中的用户
8. dbuserpw=”eternalcenter” #网站在数据库中的用户密码
9. dbrootpw=”eternalcenter” #数据库的 root 密码

注意

1. 服务器的系统需要是 Fedora 35 版本
2. 服务器系统要配置好可用的软件源
3. 服务器要能够连接外网

脚本

#!/bin/bash

####################### Separator ########################
webdomain="eternalcenter.com"
webtar="eternalcenter-backup-*.tar.gz"
webcrt="eternalcenter.com.crt"
webkey="eternalcenter.com.key"
sqlbackup="eternalcenter-backup-*.sql"
db="ec"
dbuser="ec"
dbuserpw="eternalcenter"
dbrootpw="eternalcenter"
####################### Separator ########################

#Determine whether SELinux is on
getenforce | grep Enforcing
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	echo "SELinux is not set to enforcing mode and cannot continue"
	exit 2
fi

#Determine whether the required file exists
ls $webtar
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	echo "No web page data backup, unable to continue"
	exit 2
fi

ls $webcrt
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	echo "Cannot continue without site public key"
	exit 2
fi

ls $webkey
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	echo "Unable to continue without site private key"
	exit 2
fi

#Update system
yum clean all
yum repolist
yum makecache
yum -y update

#Make sure the required software is installed
yum -y install tar
yum -y install firewalld

#Deploying Nginx
yum -y install nginx

echo 'worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  60;
    client_body_timeout 20s;
    client_header_timeout 10s;
    send_timeout 30s;

    server {
        listen       80;
        limit_req zone=one burst=5;
        server_name www.eternalcenter.com eternalcenter.com;

        rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://eternalcenter.com/$1 permanent;
      
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        }

    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name www.eternalcenter.com eternalcenter.com;

        if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|POST)$){
        return 444;
        }

        ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/ssl/eternalcenter.com.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/ssl/eternalcenter.com.key;

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            include fastcgi.conf;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/share/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
        } 

        location / {
        root html;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;

        if (-f $request_filename/index.html){rewrite (.) $1/index.html break;}
        if (-f $request_filename/index.php){rewrite (.) $1/index.php;}
        if (!-f $request_filename){rewrite (.) /index.php;}
        
        }

        location ~ ^/\.user\.ini {
        deny all;
        }
    
        location ~*\.(jpd|jpeg|gif|png|css|js|ico|xml)$ {
        expires 30d;
        }

        error_page  404              /404.html;

        }

        gzip on;
	gzip_min_length 1000;
	gzip_comp_level 4;
	gzip_types text/plain test/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml
	application/xml+rss text/javascripts;

	client_header_buffer_size 1k;
	large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

	open_file_cache max=2000 inactive=20s;
	open_file_cache_valid  60s;
	open_file_cache_min_uses 5;
	open_file_cache_errors off;

}' > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

sed -i "s/server_name www.eternalcenter.com eternalcenter.com;/server_name www.$webdomain $webdomain;/" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
sed -i "s@rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://eternalcenter.com/\$1 permanent@rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://$webdomain/\$1 permanent@" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf;
sed -i "s/eternalcenter.com.crt/$webcrt/" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
sed -i "s/eternalcenter.com.key/$webkey/" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
mv $webcrt /etc/nginx/ssl
mv $webkey /etc/nginx/ssl
chcon -t httpd_config_t /etc/nginx/ssl/$webcrt
chcon -t httpd_config_t /etc/nginx/ssl/$webkey
chcon -t httpd_config_t /etc/nginx/ssl/

rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/*
tar -xvf $webtar -C /usr/share/nginx/html/ && rm -rf $webtar
chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t -R /usr/share/nginx/html/*

yum -y install sendmail
yum -y install policycoreutils
setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1
setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect_db 1
setsebool -P httpd_can_sendmail 1
setsebool -P httpd_can_connect_ftp 1
setsebool -P httpd_unified 1
setsebool -P httpd_enable_cgi 1
setsebool -P httpd_builtin_scripting 1
setsebool -P mysql_connect_http 1

systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx

#Deploy MariaDB
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

grep "^log_bin=" /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	sed -i '/^datadir/a log_bin=ec' /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
fi

grep "^binlog_format=" /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	sed -i '/^datadir/a binlog_format=\"mixed\"' /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
fi

grep "^server_id=" /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	sed -i '/^datadir/a server_id=51' /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
fi

sed -i 's/^plugin-load-add=auth_gssapi.so/#plugin-load-add=auth_gssapi.so/' /etc/my.cnf.d/auth_gssapi.cnf

sed -i '/^user=.*/d' /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
sed -i "/\[mysqld\]/a user=mysql" /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf

sed -i '/^bind-address=.*/d' /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
sed -i "/\[mysqld\]/a bind-address=127.0.0.1" /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf

chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql

systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

ls $sqlbackup
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        mysql -uroot -e "create database $db;"
        mysql -uroot -e "create user \"$dbuser\"@\"localhost\" identified by \"$dbuserpw\";"
        mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on $db.* to \"$dbuser\"@\"localhost\" identified by \"$dbuserpw\";"
        mysql -uroot -e "set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password(\"$dbrootpw\")"
else
        mysql -uroot -e "create database $db;"
        mysql -uroot $db < $sqlbackup
	mysql -uroot -e "create user \"$dbuser\"@\"localhost\" identified by \"$dbuserpw\";"
	mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on $db.* to \"$dbuser\"@\"localhost\" identified by \"$dbuserpw\";"
	mysql -uroot -e "set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password(\"$dbrootpw\")"
	rm -rf $sqlbackup
fi
	
systemctl restart mariadb

#Deploy PHP
yum -y install php php-fpm php-mysqlnd php-gd php-mbstring php-opcache php-json php-xml php-xmlrpc php-pecl-zip php-pecl-imagick php-intl php-bcmath
useradd php-fpm -s /sbin/nologin
chown -R php-fpm:php-fpm /usr/share/nginx/html

sed -i /"^user =.*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^group =.*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^listen =.*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^[www]"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^pm = .*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^pm.start_servers = .*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^pm.min_spare_servers = .*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^pm.max_spare_servers = .*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^pm.max_children = .*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^pm.max_requests = .*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf
sed -i /"^request_terminate_timeout = .*"/d /etc/php-fpm.conf

echo '[www]' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'user = php-fpm' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'group = php-fpm' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'listen = 127.0.0.1:9000' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'pm = dynamic' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'pm.start_servers = 2' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'pm.min_spare_servers = 2' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'pm.max_spare_servers = 4' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'pm.max_children = 4' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'pm.max_requests = 1024' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf
echo 'request_terminate_timeout = 300' >> /etc/php-fpm.conf

systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm

#Improve system performance
grep "^* soft nofile" /etc/security/limits.conf
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	echo '* soft nofile 1024' >> /etc/security/limits.conf
fi

grep "^* hard nofile" /etc/security/limits.conf
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
	echo '* hard nofile 1024' >> /etc/security/limits.conf
fi

#Open firewall
systemctl start firewalld
systemctl enable firewalld
firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

#Limit log space
yum -y install rsyslog
systemctl enable --now rsyslog

echo "/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log {
        create 600 mysql mysql
        notifempty
	daily
        rotate 3
        missingok
        compress
    postrotate
	# just if mysqld is really running
        if [ -e /run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ]
        then
           kill -1 $(</run/mariadb/mariadb.pid)
        fi
    endscript
}" > /etc/logrotate.d/mariadb

echo "/var/log/nginx/*log {
    create 0664 nginx root
    size 1024M
    rotate 1
    missingok
    notifempty
    compress
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        /bin/kill -USR1 `cat /run/nginx.pid 2>/dev/null` 2>/dev/null || true
    endscript
}" > /etc/logrotate.d/nginx

echo "/var/log/php-fpm/*log {
    size 100M
    rotate 1
    missingok
    notifempty
    sharedscripts
    delaycompress
    postrotate
        /bin/kill -SIGUSR1 `cat /run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid 2>/dev/null` 2>/dev/null || true
    endscript
}" > /etc/logrotate.d/php-fpm

echo "/var/log/cron
/var/log/maillog
/var/log/messages
/var/log/secure
/var/log/spooler
{
    size 100M
    rotate 1
    missingok
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        /usr/bin/systemctl kill -s HUP rsyslog.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
    endscript
}" > /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog

#Delete this script
scriptwhere=`readlink -f "$0"`
rm -rf $scriptwhere

#Restart the system
reboot
Posted on

[工具] Shell 将远程服务器的 LNMP 备份在本地复原

介绍

基本信息

作者：朱明宇
名称：将远程服务器的 LNMP 备份还原到本地
作用：将远程服务器的 LNMP 备份还原到本地

使用方法

1. 在此脚本的分割线内写入相应的内容
2. 给此脚本添加执行权限
3. 执行此脚本

脚本分割线里的变量

1. tmppath=/cache #本地用于备份数据的目录
2. webpath=/usr/share/nginx/html #本地用于存放网站文件的目录
3. key=”~/.ssh/eternalcenter” #本地私钥
4. tmpfile=tmpfile.txt #用于存储记录的文件
5. dbuser=ec #网站在数据库中的用户
6. ruser=eternalcenter #用于远程服务器的用户
7. rhost=eternalcenter.com #远程服务器
8. rcache=”/cache” #远程服务器用于备份数据的目录

注意

1. 本地需要已经搭建好 LNMP 平台
2. 用于远程服务器的用户，需要能免密钥 ssh 远程服务器，且对于本地用于备份数据的目录和远程服务器用于备份数据的目录拥有读和执行的权限
3. 执行此脚本的用户需要有 sudo systemctl 权限
4. 脚本 ”mysql -uroot -p’eternalcenter’ ec < $sqlfile“ 中 “eternalcenter“ 是指本地 MariaDB 数据库 root 用户的密码，需要修改成本地 MariaDB 数据库的 root 用户密码

脚本

#!/bin/bash

####################### Separator ########################

tmppath=/cache
webpath=/usr/share/nginx/html
key="~/.ssh/eternalcenter"
tmpfile=tmpfile.txt
dbuser=ec

ruser=eternalcenter
rhost=eternalcenter.com
rcache="/cache"

####################### Separator ########################

nowdirectory=`pwd`

a=`ssh -i $key $ruser@$rhost "du -s $rcache" | awk '{print $1}'`
sleep 10
b=`ssh -i $key $ruser@$rhost "du -s $rcache" | awk '{print $1}'`

if [ $a -eq 0 ];then
	echo "no file"
fi

if [ $a -ne $b ];then
        echo "backup is running now"
        exit
fi

c=0

if [ -f $tmpfile ];then
        c=`cat $tmpfile`
fi

if [ $a -eq $c ];then
        echo "no new file"
        exit
fi

echo $a > $tmpfile

sqlfile=`ssh -i $key $ruser@$rhost "ls -rtlh $rcache | grep sql | tail -1" | awk '{print $NF}'`
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

        tarfile=`ssh -i $key $ruser@$rhost "ls -rtlh $rcache | grep tar | tail -1" | awk '{print $NF}'`
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

                rm -rf $tmppath/*
                mkdir $tmppatch &> /dev/null

                echo $sqlfile
                echo $tarfile

                scp -i $key $ruser@$rhost:$rcache/$sqlfile $tmppath
                scp -i $key $ruser@$rhost:$rcache/$tarfile $tmppath

#                sudo systemctl stop nginx
#                sudo systemctl stop php-fpm

                cd $tmppath

                mysql -uroot -p'eternalcenter' -e "drop database $dbuser;"
                mysql -uroot -p'eternalcenter' -e "create database $dbuser;"
                mysql -uroot -p'eternalcenter' -e "grant all privileges on $dbuser.* to \"$dbuser\"@\"localhost\";"
                mysql -uroot -p'eternalcenter' ec < $sqlfile

                sudo rm -rf $webpath/*
                sudo tar -zxvf $tarfile -C $webpath/ &> /dev/null

#                sudo systemctl start nginx
#                sudo systemctl start php-fpm

                cd $nowdirectory

        fi
fi
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[工具] Shell LNMP 没运行则重启系统 （systemctl 版）

介绍

基本信息

作者：朱明宇
名称：LNMP 没运行则重启系统
作用：LNMP 没运行则重启系统

使用方法

1. 在此脚本的分割线内写入相应的内容
2. 给此脚本添加执行权限
3. 执行此脚本

脚本

#!/bin/bash
  
systemctl status nginx | grep 'active (running)'
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        /usr/sbin/reboot
fi

systemctl status mariadb | grep 'active (running)'
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        /usr/sbin/reboot
fi

systemctl status php-fpm | grep 'active (running)'
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        /usr/sbin/reboot
fi
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[步骤] Nginx 信息的显示 （显示版本和已安装的模块） （源码安装版）

注意：

只有源码安装的 Nginx 才能使用此方法

步骤一：Nginx 版本的显示

nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

步骤二：Nginx 版本和已安装模块的显示

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1g FIPS  21 Apr 2020
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
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[命令] Linux 命令 curl （测试网页访问）

内容一：测试网页可以被访问的案例 

# curl -v -k https://eternalcenter.com

（补充：这里以直接访问 https://eternalcenter.com 网页为例）

内容二：测试网页访问速度的案例

2.1 案例一：显示测试过程

# curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{http_code}:%{http_connect}:%{content_type}:%{time_namelookup}:%{time_redirect}:%{time_pretransfer}:%{time_connect}:%{time_starttransfer}:%{time_total}:%{speed_download} https://eternalcenter.com

（补充：这里以访问并测试 https://eternalcenter.com，并显示测试过程为例）

2.2 案例二：不显示测试过程

# curl -o /dev/null -w %{http_code}:%{http_connect}:%{content_type}:%{time_namelookup}:%{time_redirect}:%{time_pretransfer}:%{time_connect}:%{time_starttransfer}:%{time_total}:%{speed_download} https://
eternalcenter.com

（补充：这里以访问并测试 https://eternalcenter.com，并不显示测试过程为例）

内容三：测试使用代理访问网页的案例

3.1 案例一：使用代理

# curl -v --proxy proxy.example.com:8080 https://eternalcenter.com

（补充：这里以通过 proxy.example.com:8080 代理访问 https://eternalcenter.com 网页为例）

3.2 案例二：使用代理并使用用户进行验证

# curl -v --<proxy user> user:<password> --proxy proxy.example.com:8080 https://eternalcenter.com

（补充：这里以通过 proxy.example.com:8080 代理并使用 proxy user 和 password 进行验证访问 https://eternalcenter.com 网页为例）

内容四： 测试使用证书访问网页的案例 

# curl -v -k https://eternalcenter.com --cacert /eternalcenter.com.pem

（补充：这里以通过 eternalcenter.com.pem 证书访问 https://eternalcenter.com 网页为例）

内容五：其他测试访问网页的案例

5.1 案例一：将网页下载后另存为别的文件

# curl -v https://eternalcenter.com -o eternalcentre.com

（补充：这里以下载 https://eternalcenter.com 并另存为 eternalcentre.com 为例）

5.2 案例二：静默下载的案例

# curl -v https://eternalcenter.com -o eternalcentre.com --silent

（补充：这里以静默下载 https://eternalcenter.com 为例）

5.3 案例三：不使用安全证书访问网页

# curl -k https://eternalcenter.com

或者：

# curl https://eternalcenter.com --insecure

（补充：这里以不使用安全证书访问 https://eternalcenter.com 网页为例）